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先上片花新西兰北岛 片花 1新西兰北岛 片花 2新西兰南岛 片花 1新西兰南岛 片花 2新西兰南岛 片花 3飞行中的日出，从HK直飞奥克兰要11个小时。朋友去接机，问住哪儿？YHA！朋友的“大灰熊”和YHA的反差还是蛮大的， 住YHA是多年旅行首选。奥克兰风景 1，清新的空气一扫连夜飞行的疲劳。奥克兰风景 2，远处是市区中心。奥克兰风景 3，四处走走，活动开筋骨。奥克兰风景 4，奥克兰风景 5奥克兰相当中国的上海。奥克兰风景 7，奥克兰风景 8奥克兰风景 9奥克兰风景 10奥克兰风景 11奥克兰风景 12奥克兰风景 13奥克兰风景 14奥克兰的午餐，青口大名远洋，必不可少。奥克兰的午餐，不同口味的青口。奥克兰的午餐，换个角度再上一张。奥克兰的午餐，各种口味的青口。海边的“大灰熊”奥克兰跨海大桥换一种构图垂钓的兄弟([]
最新章节： 第521章 魔兽世界怀旧服 （ 2024-06-02 12:10:55）
更新时间： 2024-06-02 08:30:04
- 第1章 苏州十全街塌陷
- 第2章 活塞VS湖人
- 第3章 迈巴赫
- 第4章 守望先锋
- 第5章 红楼梦奇葩说
- 第6章 2020罕见对称日
- 第7章 从前有座灵剑山
- 第8章 伊朗接到美国信件
- 第9章 超级飞侠
- 第10章 倒霉熊
- 第11章 凡人修仙传
- 第12章 世界欠我一个初恋妻子的浪漫旅行3
- 第13章 本田
- 第14章 雷神
- 第15章 鲁迅微软数据中心沉海
- 第16章 梦回
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- 第549章 武林笼中对
- 第550章 幸福三重奏2
- 第551章 剑来
- 第552章 Without Me
- 第553章 北京国安
- 第554章 鹤唳华亭
- 第555章 于正评价大明风华
- 第556章 樱花
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- 第558章 曝马蜂窝裁员40%
- 第559章 天官赐福
- 第560章 赖美云不参加考试
- 第561章 伊朗决意报复美国
- 第562章 斗罗大陆
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- 第568章 迟到11年的奥运奖牌
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张钧幸这是6个女人的旅行，自从2012年6个女人来了趟缅甸之旅后，心就越来越野，胆子也越来越大。一年忙碌后，到了年底，突然发现去美国的机票好便宜，就一拍即合决定去美西自驾。因为其中三人去年4月已经去美西自驾一次，所以有点犹豫，想起电影西雅图夜未眠，心血来潮就把西雅图加进去，然后又发现西雅图是去阿拉斯加的门户，于是就决定继续向北，去阿拉斯加看极光。 订票订房订车，不到两周6个女人就起程了，三个女人一台戏，六个女人出行注定是一场热闹之旅。 终于到了要出发的日子，因为6个女人，两个有2-3年驾龄，两个今年刚买车，一个有照不会开，一个连驾照都没有，所以决定只租一台车，如此一来都没开过大车，就想租个小点的商务车，这样就担心行李舱放不下6件大行李，于是出发前手忙脚乱的拼箱子，争取只带4个大箱子，于是办公室里被我们搞的一片大乱。去不成又心有不甘的男同事，不时在旁边打击着我们，比如阿拉斯加自驾冰雪路很危险之类的。但心已经飞走的女人们虽然内心不安，却都被激动的情绪冲的根本听不进去。 中午大家在楼下的餐厅聚餐吃了火锅，办公室所有人把我们送到楼下，当时嘴上都没说什么，但总感觉送行有点过于隆重，有点像十送红军的感觉，搞的好像多久回不来似的。毕竟阿拉斯加实在太遥远了，虽然去阿拉斯加看极光是我们的人生愿景，可是这么快就要实现，总觉得有那么点不真实。 机场等待出发，6个女人要拍个出发的合影，自己先拍了一张，觉得还是应该找个人拍合影，于是抓了个旁边候机的帅哥，那帅哥早已注意到这帮疯疯癫癫的女人，一看找他很高兴的过来帮忙，一副早就等着召唤的模样，拍一张还热情的说，看看行不行，不行在给你们拍，看了6个女人走到哪里都很引人注目呢。 微信发出去，立即有回复，你们去哪里？怎么还未成年人禁止入内呀。看看思想不纯洁不是，不就是没注意站到吸烟室门前了吗？ 香港中转，在候机室品品咖啡吃吃蛋糕，说实话香港的点心味道真心不错。国泰航空的餐饮还是不错了，冰淇淋还是哈根达斯，早餐还有稀饭。就是十几个小时的飞行时间实在难熬。但女人适应环境的能力是很强的，看，要杯红酒把自己弄得小脸通红，准备酒后睡个好觉的，三人椅子，一头一个抱着对方的脚的，另一个哪去了？原来自我升舱到卧铺了。虽然不太雅观，但毕竟可以躺下睡会了。微信发出又是一片喧哗，这方法不错呀，下次我们也这样之类的。不过这个也只能是我们了，几个女人可以，如果换成大男人这样，呵呵，不太可能吧。为什么？你懂得。抵达洛杉矶是晚上8点多，一夜休息，精神抖擞。天气很好，根本没有中央电视台说的什么，美国到处遭遇暴风雪，走之前搞的家人担心我们，我们自己也担心很冷，带的全部是厚衣服，前半程西部自驾，都没带多少薄衣服，热的够呛。酒店门前阳光灿烂，等着免费班车送我们去租车处提车。 我们租车为了讨便宜找了个特价车，果然是便宜没好货，美国也有钓鱼，先拿便宜价钓来客人，然后再以升级车辆，推销保险等待手段加收费用。结果所以的推销备我们拒绝，那家伙很是不高兴。事实证明那台车果然不好，尤其是刹车肉的要命，在高速上踩三脚刹车，还是往前滑吓死人。就这么台车却是我们开的最长，天数最多的，而且后来发现我们认为小点的车好开，纯属误区，后来租的三台车都更大，但却比这台好开的多。 最最郁闷的是行李箱小，6个女人想尽办法，几度调整，最终行李箱里只放进三个大箱子，还有一大一小只能放在后排的车座上。 由于大部分人都到过洛杉矶，环球影城和迪斯尼也都去过了，白天也没有什么特别的活动，因为晚上要看NBA的比赛，所以只能在洛杉矶市内转转，先去圣塔莫妮卡海滩。这个海滩是洛杉矶最热闹的海滩，夏天会有很多人在这里晒太阳，游泳冲浪。但现在已经是12月了，海滩上没有几个人。 其实对于我们来说，这个海滩的风景实在是没什么，但女人就是这样的感性动物，不管什么环境都能自娱自乐。 这也太能自得其乐，就这么个管理员的小木屋都能让我们臭美半天虽然已经12月，洛杉矶依然很暖和，当天气温近30度，戏水完全没有问； 海滩上有很多海鸥，牠们丝毫不怕人其实到圣塔莫妮卡海滩最重要的原因就是这里，66号公路的终点。66号公路是美国的母亲之路。在19世纪时是一条跑马车的路，1927年美国政府投资修路，断断续续修路十几年，终于修成了这条贯穿美国东西海岸的公路，东起芝加哥西止于洛杉矶的圣塔莫妮卡，全长近4000公路。当时正值美国30年代经济大萧条时期，公路的修建为大批劳工提供了工作的机会，其后也为美国西部的开发起到了至关重要的作用。对于我们来说，最熟悉的就是阿甘在66号公路奔跑的镜头。、超大冰淇淋 洛杉矶除了迪斯尼乐园和环球影城，还有个盖蒂中心。这是用石油大亨保罗盖蒂的遗产建成的一个现代化的艺术中心，前后花费十多年才算建成。艺术馆本身不收费用，只是需要付15美金的停车费。从地下停车场直接坐电梯上到楼上，这里有个小小的电车站，坐上免费的电车，蜿蜒到山顶，就看到白色的建筑，那就是艺术中心了。里面收藏品都是盖蒂生前的收藏品，其中很多价值连城的艺术品，最为著名的就是梵高的鸢尾花，莫奈的草垛和美女。这么贵重的画居然没有玻璃保护，也没有隔离栏杆，可以近距离观赏。不过这么价值连城的艺术品，对于我们这几个不懂艺术的人，真是极大的浪费。 里面很多画和圣经以及文艺复兴有关，不懂圣经和欧洲历史完全搞不明白画的是什么，于是两个女伴开始对着画斜批三国，我在后面听得捧腹而不敢大笑，怕影响到别人，如果作者听到她们的解说怕是气的要从棺材里面爬出来，真是暴虐天珍啊。 ([]
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林哲铭狼塔梦开始的地方，去年计划要走的路线，因为种种原因搁浅，今年刚回到北京听迷说要去狼塔，正在犹豫中想想来电话问十一区哪里“狼塔啊”没过几小时，想想再次来电“票出了”，9月29日一行五人踏上西域的征程，梦想希望总是与现实有天壤之别，几次危险的悬崖和垭口与鬼门关擦肩而过，深知户外诱惑力很大还是要珍惜生命， 此次活动属于重装徒步强度较大，男的背负25公斤左右，女的要在20公斤左右，沿途走栈道悬崖，过河数次，平均海拔在3000---4000左右，原计划我们是C线+V线，最后我们小分队7人走呼图壁峡谷因有200---300米峡谷水较大过腰水深，加上不够v线后面5天的食物只好是C线金矿出山，遗憾的没走成狼塔v线 狼塔c线起始于位于北疆昌吉回族自治州的呼图壁河大峡谷，由北向南翻越五座近4000米的达坂后到达南疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的和静县巴伦台，全程徒步距离约120公里。呼图壁河发源于河源峰，在当地哈萨克语中，河源峰被称为狼塔，意为有群狼守护的塔山。河源峰海拔高度5290米，山势陡峭，型如尖塔。狼塔C线正是穿越这一地区的一条高危徒步线路。狼塔C线穿越需要翻越冰山隘口、横渡激流、行走空中栈道、穿越草原、森林…风景绝美而又惊险刺激、集巍峨壮美的天山风光之大成。在新疆户外，狼塔C线被评为难度和风景最高的8级，是目前已知的最艰苦的徒步线路之一。在后山一百多公里的无人区里，森林茂密、遮天蔽日；奇花异草、闻所未闻。这里是狼、棕熊、雪豹、野猪、北山羊、盘羊、雪鸡等野生动物的乐园，更是富有探险精神的山友们的向往之地。 此次新疆之行狼塔经历悬崖，过河水过腰，遇盗猎份子大家晚上觉都不敢睡，下雨冰雹暴晒。博格达经历暴风雪能见度五米。喀纳斯经历暴雪，丛林迷路20小时，出险的时候偶遇北京朋友大猫和信天翁一行七人。新疆麦田青旅和水哥结交好多朋友。铁丐友情提示：点击“只看该作者”，美图一览无余，切莫忘记哦！~~（注意是点我——铁丐） 一路西行，到达乌鲁木齐火车晚点五六小时，让在车站外接我的豆浆童鞋喝了三场酒，从几十公里外昌吉过来接我们的新疆树等的太晚先回家了。下火车已经是半夜12点多，把行李放到新疆麦田国际青年旅社，一行人直奔饭店；老板，羊肉串一样来十串，大盘鸡，皮匣子。。。啤酒。快快滴。。。味道相当的美，新疆吃肉的地方太适合要饭的来了。。。哈哈 第二天一早起来，豆浆就过来接我们，微博上看到北京的户外丫头也在乌鲁木齐，头天晚上等着接火车还安排和一位美女一起，结果火车晚点太不靠谱就早点回去休息了，中午过来带我们去南门清真寺旁边的胡同，品尝新疆当地最美的小吃；抓饭，烤包子，新疆的水果可以说是太美了，我这不爱吃水果的人，每天都买很多的葡萄，山里爬山的时候总是脑海里浮现出水果香甜可口的样子。 在新疆进山前和出山后必须是要腐败的，这里就是吃货的天堂 午饭后一行人浩浩荡荡前往乌鲁木齐志性建筑大巴扎，这里更能体现民族风情和各色民族饰品 短暂到达乌市休息一天，在九月一日早上乌市出发前往白杨沟，老规矩放鞭炮点三只烟敬山神 D.1-----上午9；30从乌鲁木齐出发一路欢歌笑语到达常规出发点油罐处，领队又让车继续往上开到实在不能行使的地方，（哦，中午在半路吃了一次新疆拌面，这是俺第一次吃拌面，一开始还是有点抵触情绪，结果吃了一次以后，在新疆无论到哪里都要吃拌面，到现在回到北京还一直怀念，回到内地在也没有吃到过这么正宗的拌面），下午230开始艰苦的行程，从海拔2800开始有一段爬坡，基本沿着山脊行走，由于第一天重装28公斤，身体也没有走开晚上830到达营地，一开始准备带的相机三脚架在狼塔夜晚拍星空的，也在第二天早上被一个下撤的队员带回乌市了。 美丽的天山山脉 早晨阳光晒在帐篷上，很不情愿的从睡袋里爬起来烧水做饭拔营，拔营后直接过河，河水里没有过河点中间的石头非常的滑，一脚踏上石头滑进水里鞋子进水，到岸上赶紧把鞋子脱下来还好只是袜子湿了，换完袜子一路上升走到白杨沟大阪，今天太阳直射在脸上，脸上的汗水瞬间被风吹干凝聚成盐粒。 中午在白杨沟大阪下午饭补充水，午饭后一直拔升到白杨沟大阪海拔3800米，重装拔高头两天很痛苦，途中想着以后几天都是这种拔高，精神意志都很崩溃，一路好几个队员脚底都已经起泡，到达大阪顶部休息片刻一路下降，领队刚刚好在我前面脚底一滑连续翻了两个跟头，幸亏体力较好及时停住否则后果很可怕，一路下撤到鞍部牧民帐篷，豆浆的朋友哈萨克族人非常热情的煮好风干羊肉接待我们，早晨D1营地的阳光 豆浆是一个非常负责的领队一直跑前跑后的收队领队，晚上营地扎营做饭一天三四个菜，背负比任何人都重，白杨沟垭口豆浆深沉的背影遥望着群山。 D2鞍部营地在一个山腰上，旁边是哈萨克族的羊圈，哈萨克族人非常热情的用风干羊肉招待了我们，并且让走不动的人以后几天用马来驼背包。快到?a href="http//ankang.8264.com" class="keyword" target="_blank">安康氖焙蛭铱吹交又徊揭徊酵屡沧抛撸礁安胖澜诺灼鹋萘耍较略绲降男陆佑雅苌侠窗鸦又陌酉氯ァ５酱锇安靠吹角宸缭谌茸源睦弊蛹Γ谒「辖舫粤艘豢榧ν取Ｐ恍磺宸缋?br/> 热情的哈萨克族人不紧拿出了风干羊肉还拿出了珍藏的皮牙子（汉族称洋葱）山里时间久了这是最好的消毒食物。 D3天早上大家8：30懒洋洋的从帐篷里爬出来做饭，930从鞍部出发周围的牧民赶着羊群准备下山了(天气逐渐寒冷山上没有食物了牧民要把羊群赶到山下牧场）([]
爱情岛亚州论坛线路3
周文婷注：请点击下方的“只看该作者”，方便浏览。谢谢。 洞穴是美丽的，洞穴是富有挑战性的，洞穴也是充满危险的。 探洞，对很多人来说还比较陌生。黑暗和丧失方向感是绝大多数人从未体验过的。黑暗、幽闭给人的紧张和恐惧远远大于人们对洞穴本来奇形怪状风光的认识。人要怎样克服自身对未认知世界的恐惧、现有感官在黑暗未知中所产生的种种不安？探洞正是这样一种极具挑战性的心理对抗战运动，它的魅力就在于你永远不知道你的下一步会看见什么，会发现什么，能满足你无限的想象，不断探索的欲望和好奇心。 相信很多人看过《黑暗侵袭》或《夺命深渊》这类的电影，对洞穴里面的食人怪物和探洞者迷失方向的恐惧记忆犹新。这次把作业交到游记攻略版，也是希望让更多的人了解洞穴以及神秘的洞穴生物，对这种无人涉足的地下世界有一个全新的认识。并以我和娟子为教训，千万不要学我俩哦！我和娟子的探险系列：业余选手三探雨扇洞： https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1872892-1-1.html一路上有你，凶险的探寻之旅我没有一丝恐惧（孤岛烟儿炮鬼吹灯+鬼宅探秘）贺岁帖 ：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1988167-1-1.html陪你去冒险，在黑暗的迷窟中点一盏不灭的明灯（寻龙记+入阴河）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2020255-1-1.html 四年前在沈阳，刚认识娟子的时候，她一个小姑娘独自住在一幢二层楼里，也不害怕。而且晚上还把窗帘拉的严严实实，躲在房间里看恐怖片，音量放的大大的。这不禁让我对她刮目相看。经过死缠烂打，最后一直追她到了大辽河边，才终于打动了她的心。哈哈，现在回忆起来还很甜蜜。 我和娟子在南方一年半的时间里，进深山，漂江河，钻丛林，探洞穴。曾险被瀑布冲进山洞里；曾在深夜跳入野湖中寻觅发出绿光的眼睛；曾几次在森林中迷路；曾在山洞中被巨大的蝙蝠攻击。。。。。。因为在这里，我俩没有朋友，所以每次出去探险，都没有第三人知道，这也增加了危险系数。我们两个人，同甘苦，共患难，幸运之神一次次的眷顾了我俩，每次的化险为夷也让我俩增加了户外经验，学会了如何预见危险，躲避危险。 为什么我明"毒帖“二字呢？说起来有点惭愧。我曾在天涯论坛上发过一篇探洞的帖子，这家伙，铺天盖地的板儿砖拍的我蒙灯转向。其实，向我提出意见的，无论言词有多尖刻，我都能虚心接受并表示感谢。但偏偏有那么一帮人，张嘴闭嘴就是”找死“二字，我很反感。谁的生命也不是大风刮来的，谁都有父母亲人和责任。我和娟子也一样。虽然我们两人喜欢冒险，但每次都把安全放在首位。并不像这些人所说的为自己寻找刺激而给别人带来麻烦。还有一些人回帖里说，我的帖子是“毒帖”，例如这个回帖： 我在这里给亲爱的驴友们一点提示，户外运动风险级别高的，尽量不要轻易挑战。如果喜欢探洞，可以选择一些已经探明而且难度不大的洞穴，探洞之前，多学习一些和洞穴有关的知识，装备很重要，最好有向导，至少三人以上团队，洞口有接应人员。我和娟子虽然也懂这些，但克制不住内心冒险的欲望，虽然积累了一点探洞经验，但像我俩这样，风险系数还是很大，所以请大家以我俩为戒，切勿效仿。 此次我俩探洞的装备如下：双肩包2个快干裤2条牛仔裤2条外套2件头盔2顶筒靴2双运动鞋2双PVC牛筋挂胶手套2双强光手电1把备用3800毫安的18650电池4节LED手电筒4把袖珍手电2把蜡烛3根打火机2只蒙古刀1把 （开山用）瑞士军dao一把高倍望远镜1架口罩2只（蝙蝠屎尿气味很难闻）眼镜2副（防止抬头的时候，蝙蝠屎拉到眼睛里）长焦相机配8节2300毫安电池长短三脚架各一副创可贴若干花露水一瓶月饼1斤饮用水4升嗯，大概就这些东西吧，装备比较简陋。专业的探洞设备价格很昂贵，一套好的探洞装备起码上万，承受不起，所以我和娟子商定，遇到洞中的竖井绝不尝试下探。由于我的文化水平有限，写不出妙笔生花的文字，只能用大白话来叙述本次探洞经历，帖子比较长，逐步更新中。最近心情比较沮丧。寻找千尸洞失败，寻找桃花洞失败，寻找曾家对门山洞失败，而这次寻找的山洞连名字都没有，更没有路线。只是我和娟子在一次徒步穿越的时候，在山中看到一户人家。向这家的一个老人打听才得知，山中有一个洞穴。老人只给我俩指出了大概的方向，并说那里根本无路可走，但我和娟子还是决心尝试一下。寻找洞穴入口我是深有体会，不是一般的困难。想在荆棘密布，草深林密的山中找到洞口，谈何容易。刚进山，我就被成群的蚊虫叮咬。虽然裸露的皮肤都喷上了花露水，但也不管用。照片中可以清晰的看到我后脖子被咬了很多包，又疼又痒，这不禁让我想起《荒野求生》中的贝爷穿越原始丛林的镜头。 我的双手被带刺的植物划的都是口子，鲜血淋漓。娟子比我强不少，只有少处划伤。接连翻了两座山头，由于野草太高，即使站在山顶也什么都看不到，只能上树了。爬到树上，向远处观望，发现了老人所指的一片竹林。下树后继续前行。 这是一条虎斑游蛇，微毒。大概很多人都见过，在我国分布很广。在东北，土名叫“野鸡脖子”。不过前几年有日本科学家新发现，被这种蛇咬伤后，会引起脑出血，在日本已生产出抗虎斑游蛇毒血清。我在年少时曾经抓过这种蛇，捕捉的时候，它会高昂脑袋，头和脖子扁扁的，做出攻击状。如果在手里把玩一会儿，手就有一股腥臭的味道。最奇怪的是，这种蛇在后脖子喷出毒液，只要不射进眼睛里，就没什么问。我发现这条蛇的时候，因为手有点抖动，所以拍的不是很清晰。等我再想拍第二张的时候，它就窜进草丛中不见了。历尽千辛万苦，终于找到了洞口所在。这是我和娟子一个多月以来，经历了数次失败后，找到的全新洞穴。心情很激动，站在洞口边，发现洞道向下延伸，虽然坡度有点陡，但难度不是很大。里面漆黑一片，到底会有什么样的景致在等待我俩呢？ 我国历史上有记载的洞穴探险始于明代徐霞客。英国人李约瑟称徐霞客的著作与其说是17世纪知识分子的著述，不如说是20世纪的野外考察记录。遗憾的是他没有绘下一分洞穴图纸，不知是失传，还是当时的他没有想到？继徐霞客之后，我国的洞穴探险后继乏人，于是洞穴成了我国遗留在大地上的“最后的”神秘所在。 和欧美等国相比，我国拥有的洞穴数与我国从事探洞活动的人数很不相称。近年来我国已有群众性洞穴组织了：1984年贵州省地理学会建立的我国第一个洞穴组织—洞穴专业委员会；1987年广州华南师范大学建立的洞穴研究协会；1987年建立的广西柳州洞穴协会；1989年设立的中国科学探险学会洞穴探险部；1991年中国地质学会等。直至今天，民间洞穴探险队也开始活跃起来。具有代表性的有重庆洞穴探险队，浙江洞穴探险队，疯子探险队等。这些洞穴探险队有着资深的探洞经验和救援技术，为我国的洞穴研究开发做出了很大的贡献。 我和娟子只能算是业余业余再业余的选手，哈哈。不过也能体验到其中的乐趣就够了。简单的换好衣服，我和娟子准备下洞。 说实话，娟子的攀岩技术比我要强不少，很多时候都是她抢在前面探路。这次也不例外。（说这话我都脸红）。我们两人安全到了洞底，洞底距离洞口大概不到十米，仔细查看了一下周围的环境，没发现有蛇类活动。抬头看看洞外，不知道再次看见阳光会是什么时候了。 再次检查和调试了一下手电。然后就准备在我身后的小洞口钻进去。 探洞一般可以分为两种：即水洞探险和干洞探险。水洞的探险指洞内有常年地下水流的岩溶洞穴。干洞是脱离了自由水面的化石洞，发育在地势较高的地方，发育的历史较长，洞内往往被各种多彩多姿的钟乳石所装饰，目前我俩还不能确定这个洞穴到底属于哪一种类型。正式进入到了黑暗之中，蹑足潜踪，放轻脚步，以防惊起成群的蝙蝠，那可一点也不好玩儿。 其实早在北宋,王安石的《游褒禅山记》中就提到其探洞的经历,“余与四人拥火以入,入之愈深,其进愈难,而其见愈奇”。王安石无限感慨地说着他的遗憾,认为自己半途而返是缺乏探索精神,以致出洞后追悔莫及。时至今日,他的那份心情,依然能够穿越时空的阻隔,清楚地摆在我们面前。当然,这位伟大的文学家兼改革家做梦也没有想到,一千多年后的今天,我和娟子继续体验他曾经痴迷的探洞心情。脚下非常难走，洞穴一路向下延伸，这里是另外一个奇妙的世界，我俩正在为“自己心中的神秘”而探索 ！ 哈哈，又看到了这种家伙。在我探过的所有洞穴中，无一例外都有它的身影。学名“灶马”，也有人叫它洞穴蟋蟀。是有名的洞窟性及群栖性昆虫。在洞中，它以蝙蝠粪便和小昆虫为食，自己也被蝙蝠和洞穴蜘蛛所吞食。 形态各异的石头开始出现了，这块大石裂开了一个口子，我怎么看，怎么像一个巨大鳄鱼的眼睛。这种石头形成的原因是含钙高的水滴在石头上，日积月累就形成了这种特有的乳白色。 娟子每次在洞穴中的某块石头前，都要驻足仔细观看很久，也不知道她能看出什么来。喊她几次才肯走。哈哈，我都习惯了。 寂静黑暗的洞穴中，我和娟子步伐很慢，仔细观察周围的环境。这个洞穴貌似还没有人类留下的痕迹，这也就增加了本次探洞的危险性。抬头观望，上面有一个支洞，洞口狭窄。对探洞者来说，如果不是迫不得已，尽量不要去钻这种细小的岔洞。我记得有一个洞穴探险者，强行钻进这样的小洞，不慎被洞壁卡住，进退两难。最后，队友用残忍的办法——敲碎他的肩胛骨，才得以脱身。 隐约听见了吱吱的叫声和翅膀拍打的声音。顺着声音寻去，不出所料，在我俩去路的上方，聚集着一群蝙蝠。我和娟子在第二次探雨扇洞的时候，曾拍摄到了一只巨大的蝙蝠。第三次探雨扇洞的时候，被蝙蝠屎尿的气味熏的刺鼻辣眼，因为怕氨中毒，最后退了出来。关于蝙蝠，我在《业余选手三探雨扇洞》的帖子里有详细的介绍，这里就不多废话了。由于蝙蝠往往携带狂犬病毒，所以尽量不要招惹它们，被惊醒的蝙蝠群是很可怕的。所幸现在我俩遇到的蝙蝠群并不很大，也比较安静，我俩尽量的轻手轻脚，以求安全通过。 要想继续前行，必须紧贴着这群蝙蝠才能过去。娟子又要先行通过，我拉住她，让她躲在一块石头后面，我先上去看看情况。 记得我发过一个探洞贴，有个驴友给我回帖说，蝙蝠有超声波，怎样飞都不会撞到你。就连电视上的动物世界和学校的课本里，都这么说。但事实并非如此。受惊的蝙蝠根本不辨方向，好似没头的苍蝇一样乱撞。这种情况，每个探洞者都曾经历过。所以还是小心为妙。我悄悄爬了过去，慢慢直起腰，蝙蝠和我近在咫尺，只要一伸手就能抓到，但它们还是安静的倒挂在石壁上，对我不理不睬。 顺利的在蝙蝠下面经过，松了口气，继续前行。面前一块石头，就在相片的左下角位置，看起来像一头母狮的脑袋。 感谢各位驴友回帖支持，继续更新中。。。。。。 我和娟子前行的路，一直都在向下延伸，没有检测海拔的设备，所以也不知道现在我俩具体深度是多少。前面又是一个崖壁，我仔细看看，坡度不大，应该容易下去。安全到底，路就比较平坦了。洞壁或洞顶流出的饱含碳酸钙的薄层水流沉积形成褶状流石的石幔，在手电的照射下，非常漂亮。各种奇异的石头，在地底不知沉睡了几百万，几千万年，才有了今天这样的形状。如果近距离拍摄观察，会觉得更加漂亮。 又向前行进了一段路，忽然发现前面的石头上，趴着一只大蚰蜒。有人叫它“地蜈蚣”，它的头部后面有一个环节、有一对钩状颚足，颚足末端成爪状，爪的顶端有毒腺开口，能分泌毒液，触及人体皮肤后即可致局部疱疹，令人刺痛难受。常见的蚰蜒体长25—-30毫米，洞穴蚰蜒就要大很多了。我见到的这只大蚰蜒比筷子还粗，身长近10厘米。 七绕八拐，沿途做了一些记。为了不给溶洞造成大的污染，我只是用容易降解的白纸，塞在比较明显的石缝中。如果返回，再逐一取出。 又向下行走了一段路，进入了一个比较宽阔的洞厅。这里湿气很重，并漂浮着浓浓的雾气。由于长时间闻着石灰岩的气味，所以嗅觉有点麻木了。我仔细闻了很久，没发现有瓦斯或者别的异味。小心的点燃了蜡烛，观察到火苗的颜色没有改变，燃烧正常。相反，如果发现火焰闪烁，表明氧气不足或二氧化碳含量已达3％，这时要特别注意，二氧化碳含量达到10％时火苗熄灭，会迅速致命。当然这样的情况不多。目前我国只在云南发现个别洞穴二氧化碳含量较高。 虽然没有什么危险，但感觉身上有点冷了。从背包里取出外套穿上，和娟子商量了一下，如果前面雾气依然很大，我俩就不再继续下
白熙雨介绍
彭尚杰(本帖所有水下照片版权为猪娃蛋仔所有，独发8264，请勿转载！） 在印度尼西亚尼 苏拉威西岛的北角有一个著名的“海洋国家公园”， 叫本娜肯国家公园 （Bunaken National Park）。 相信潜水爱好者对“珊瑚三角带”一定很熟悉，而本娜肯就在珊瑚三角区域的中心*。*（珊瑚三角带：由马来西亚，印度尼西亚，巴布亚新几内亚，菲律宾，所罗门群岛，东帝汶所组成的海洋区域。 它被称为 “海洋里的亚马逊”，占据了五百七十万平方公里的海域，是全球海洋生物物种的中心。在这里有超过3000种的鱼类，500多种珊瑚，6大种海龟。） 本娜肯国家公园有超过390种珊瑚，这也提供了很多鱼类，贝类，爬行类，海洋哺乳类和软体动物栖息地。它包含900平方公里的海域，其中本娜肯岛就是我们这次潜水的主要目的地。除了本娜肯岛，我们这次也去了蓝碧海峡 （Lembeh Straits）玩垃圾潜水 （Muck Diving）,但是运气不好没有找到拟态章鱼，没关系以后还可以再去。 因为马来西亚，泰国，菲律宾目前都属于雨季，阳光不充足，也因为小编特立独行的个性，（别人去的地方我偏不去），所以诗巴丹，海豚湾，斯米兰，仙本娜可以以后再去。 自从今年初从书里认识了这个潜水圣地，小编可谓做足了准备：在新加坡凑齐了一身合适的潜水装备，还托朋友在日本专门买了佳能5D MARK III的SEA&SEA防水壳和照明配件；2个月前就买了机票，联系当地的潜水中心，预定了酒店的房间，一定要做到万无一失。 这10天的潜水带给我无限的乐趣，“和海龟一起潜行，从扳机鱼群中穿过，智斗八爪小章，水深40米沉船内寻宝，蓝碧海峡搜寻小生物，鼻腔血管爆裂”， 最后美景证明了一切都是值得的。 为了方便大家阅读，小编把此帖分成了3部分：装备篇；行程篇，摄影篇（珊瑚和鱼类科普）。1. 行程篇 ：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1884010-pid-35895318.html2. 装备篇 ：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1884010-pid-35951243.html3. 摄影篇 ：https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1884010-pid-35964226.html行程篇：1 - 航班，机场，证信息 2 - 酒店，潜水中心信息 3 - 潜水准备和须知 4 - 本娜肯潜点特色介绍 5 - 蓝碧海峡潜点特色介绍 6 - 高地一日游 （火山 和 内陆湖） 7 - 离境 及 潜水总结第一天当然是坐飞机了，虽说印尼 Manado （万鸦老/美娜多） 属于东南亚北半球，但是飞行距离还是很长，差不多9000公里左右。小编选择的是新加坡航空公司的班机，从北京飞到新加坡樟宜机场，然后转机乘坐SILK AIR航空飞到美娜多，飞行时间一共是9个半小时。大家也可选择乘坐印尼鹰航，相对来讲会比较便宜，但是必须从雅加达转机，比较耽误时间。印尼是落地证，只要你的护照不是白本，几乎不可能拒。证费25美金，有效期30天。 美娜多的 Sam Ratulangi 国际机场不大，办理证，入关，提取行李用不了多久，但是入关时需要按手印提取指纹，只要从容地走程序，一切都不成问。（小编是第2次去印尼了，所以护照和指纹以留记录，就更方便了）。（图片来自网络）（图片来自网络）走出机场立刻就能看到司机举着我的姓名牌，握手寒暄之后，把行李搬上车就开始往酒店出发了。机场距离酒店大概有50分钟车程，小编这次选择的酒店和潜水中心不在市区，而是在西北角的WORI 区，能隔海遥望Bunaken本娜肯岛, Manado Tua美娜多二号岛 和 Siladen 西拉丹岛。来到酒店，没想到正赶上大装修，酒店大堂正在吊灯和添加内饰，中部的游泳池在扩建，小别墅区的VILLA HOUSE 也在加层翻新，难怪之前联系的时候说没有别墅房了，心里多少有些不爽。 登记的时候，前台小妹端来了迎宾果汁，哎！毫无添加剂，没有水的勾兑的味道啊！混合的苹果，橘子和牛油果的香味，现在回国也想试试自制一下。漫步在7公顷的绿茵地上，周围被椰树环绕，想到这几天能在这潜水，一种莫名的兴奋感油然而生。 (图片转自网络）左边的锥形火山是 Manado Tua, 右边的长条型岛就是 Bunaken.房间还算可以吧，该有的都有，不该有的也有。 我的单人间在三楼，可以俯视整个酒店，房间整体成白绿色，一天三潜之后躺在豪华大床上也能恢复体力。 独立空调，温度风速随你控制。 浴室24小时热水，只有淋浴，没有浴池，水量还是很大的，估计可能是离海一步之隔的原因吧，略有有一点咸味。 每间房都有落地窗大阳台，累的时候也可以坐在外面欣赏美景，感受海风。整栋楼都有无线WIFI，但是速度真的是不敢恭维，要不然我就全程直播每日行程了。电视里有很多国际频道，不过小编没有看电视的习惯，具体有没有中文台还真不清楚。最不爽的还是蚊子，热带雨林气候嘛也没办法，每天早晨服务生打扫房间肯定要敞开门的，然后晚上就轮到我把它们挨个拍死，“哎，你不下地狱，还能是我下吗？”（图片转自网络）因为潜水日程是从第2天开始的，所以晚上也没什么事干，正好可以去泳池检查下相机潜水壳是否漏水。大泳池是正在装修扩建，不过还有一个小泳池，“没关系，只要有水就行！” 一开始检测当然不能放相机进去了，不然一旦漏水，连相机都遭殃了。 把机壳和闪光灯的O-Ring 分别图上一层硅油，检查封闭后下水，哦也！一切正常！把潜水壳放回房间后，就是拿上PADI AOW的潜水证，NITROX 富氧许可证和一大袋子的潜水装备赶往酒店的潜水中心登记。很多朋友都说自己潜过水，但是却是无证，我只能告诉你，你那是体验潜水，费用昂贵而且只能潜到10米左右，水下真正的美景你根本感受不到。还是考一个潜水证吧，初级的4天就完事了，小编的进阶潜水证也只用多出两天时间，之后就能潜到40米，还能学会简单的安全技巧和浮力掌握知识，你说值不值呢？ 所有潜水装备，除了潜水电脑，潜水手电和相机外，都可以存在潜水中心，每天管理人员会帮你运到船上，装上“压缩21%氧气含量的空气金属气罐”，清洗，晒干；你唯一需要做的就是出发前检查物件是否齐全，检查氧气气压是否达 200大气压。检查完潜水证，填完登记表后，（其实就是证明没有疾病之类的）我还在潜水中心借了两本鱼类科普画册，这几天学一学没有坏处，希望这次看到的鱼类都能叫出名字。因为要潜至少8天，每天至少3潜，所以尽量不要重复潜点，除非偶尔几个真的是非常美丽，值得再去。根据本人的潜水经验，一般早晨8点开始出发，所以尽量早起吃多一点自助早餐，保证一上午的能量供应。 一共两潜，潜点尽量安排在岛的东面，这样阳光可以斜射在珊瑚礁上，色彩会比较鲜艳，对于用鱼眼镜头拍摄大场面效果会非常好。中午12点回酒店，要立刻吃午餐。 下午2点出发，这时太阳已经开始西下，所以去岛的西边吧，可以换成准镜头拍摄鱼类。夜潜一般在6点，可以把潜点安排在水下沙地和珊瑚礁潜点，这时虾兵蟹将都出动了，拿上你的微距镜头，手电和摄影灯吧，小生物的特写全靠这些装备了。记住每次潜水之后都要休息至少一个小时让身体排出氮气，一般就是坐在船上瞎聊，这时可以提前准备一些零食，比如香蕉，茶水之类的。小编每个早晨出海都会灌一壶红糖姜茶，不但可以补充能量，还能让大脑兴奋起来。Bunaken 本娜肯潜水点Lembeh Straits 蓝碧海峡潜水点前5天差不多都是在本娜肯岛周围潜水，此岛非常特殊，海下四周都是深不见底的悬崖，所以WALL DIVE可算是全球闻名。小编几乎全程按照摄影计划实施，偶尔也会迁就同船的日本潜友，去一些他们喜欢的潜点。每一潜都会有潜导带队，没队最多3人，绝对可以照顾的过来。潜导们对这里非常熟悉，跟我说海底就是他们的家，在家里找到想找的东西易如反掌。潜水第一天：潜点1. BUNAKEN TIMUR； 下水时间 826 AM； 水下停留时间： 48分钟；最深：28米；铅块配重： 2KG;潜水类型： WALL DIVE; 相机镜头： 鱼眼； 水温：28度。随行队员及潜导，鱼眼仰拍。 效果：半个 Snell's window.潜点2. BORUR;下水时间：1020 AM; 水下停留时间：53分钟；最深：31米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度。各式各样的珊瑚潜点3. HOUSE Reef 下水时间：1415 PM; 水下停留时间：55分钟；最深：23米；铅块配重：2KG; 潜水类型： SANDY BOTTOM; 相机镜头：微距；水温： 28度。透明磷虾第2天： 潜点4： LIKUAN III; 下水时间： 8：20AM;水下停留时间： 61分钟；最深： 27米；配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE &; WALL DIVE相机镜头： 鱼眼；水温： 29度。俯拍海底潜点5. LIKUAN I下水时间： 10：30AM水下停留时间：60分钟；最深：27米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE& WALL DIVE ;相机镜头：鱼眼； 水温：28度。小编水中自拍 （水下拿掉呼吸头是不正确的，因为拍摄需要这次特例，请勿模仿）潜点6 ：LIKUAN II下水时间： 1435PM水下停留时间：58分钟；最深：30米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度.红色扇珊瑚第三天潜点7. BLACK ROCK下水时间： 8：38AM水下停留时间：43分钟；最深：31米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：SANDY BOTTOM & REEF DIVE ;相机镜头：鱼眼； 水温：29度。小丑鱼潜点8. MOLAS SHIP WRECH下水时间： 1030 AM水下停留时间：40分钟；最深：37米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： WRECK DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼； 水温：27度。此船为日本太平洋战争时被荷兰军队击沉的运输船，长60米，宽10米。船中物资上世纪80年代已被打捞一空，来此毫无危险。潜点9. KATRIN 下水时间： 18：18PM水下停留时间：62分钟；最深：21米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： NIGHT DIVE & REEF DIVE;相机镜头：微距；水温：28度红色寄居小螃蟹第四天潜点10. SACHIKO POINT 下水时间： 8：30AM水下停留时间：55分钟；最深：29米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度玳瑁大海龟在休息潜点11. BANGO下水时间： 10：44AM水下停留时间：55分钟；最深：27米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：29度向我挺近的狮子鱼潜点12. BAHOWO下水时间： 1420PM水下停留时间：63分钟；最深：24米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： SANDY BOTTOM;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度小编水下自拍第五天潜点13. MUKA KAMPUNG下水时间： 8：30水下停留时间：58分钟；最深：30米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型： REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度水下20米左右的扇珊瑚，上方为潜导 JIEN.潜点14. TIMUR BORUR下水时间： 1020AM水下停留时间：55分钟；最深：27米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度SNELL'S WINDOW潜点15 GABET下水时间：14：18PM 水下停留时间：65分钟；最深：19米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE & SANDY BOTTOM ;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度潜导 JIEN 勇斗 八爪小章鱼！第六天潜点16：SILADEN TIMUR 下水时间： 8：35AM水下停留时间：63分钟；最深：23米；铅块配重：2KG; 潜水类型：WALL DIVE &; MACRO DIVE;相机镜头：微距；水温：29度小海兔！ （这一天都在拍微距小动物，为的就是转天的 蓝碧海峡积累经验！）潜点17. TIMUR下水时间： 1040AM水下停留时间：55分钟；最深：27米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：WALL DIVE & MACRO DIVE ;相机镜头：微距；水温：29度NIMO!潜点18. ENGINE POINT下水时间：14：22PM 水下停留时间：58分钟；最深：24米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：SANDY BOTTOM & MACRO DIVE ;相机镜头：微距；水温：28度蓝色海鳗第7天： 蓝碧海峡 - 车程2小时，一早吃完早餐， 8点出发，10点多一点到达，车上拉着10个气罐和3个人的潜水装备。 因为是MUCK DIVING, 所以小编只准备了微距镜头。 此行的目的是拍到拟态章鱼（MIMIC OCTOPUS)和侏儒海马 （PYGMY SEAHORSE)。 今天让我感觉到了什么叫“人算不如天算”， 悲催的小编第一潜，到水里后才发现闪光灯的电量居然不够了！！！ 尼玛！！！ 虽然带了备用电池，但是也没法在水下换啊！ 拍出来的照片黑暗无比，28米的深度，当时就算调高了ISO也无济于事，侏儒海马算是拍不成了，只能观赏了，旁边几个老外还对我报以怀疑的眼神，好像在问：“你丫的拿了这么大个相机怎么不闪呢？ 怎么不拍呢？ 不会是来装样子的吧!?” 当时我恨不得找个洞钻进去，想想还是算了，调高了ISO往上走走吧，在水浅的地方阳光还算充足，可以拍了！潜点19. MAGIC ROCK下水时间： 1100AM水下停留时间：51分钟；最深：29米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：MUCK DIVE & MACRO DIVE ;相机镜头：微距；水温：27度红毛猩猩蟹第二潜换上了新电池，闪光灯还是给力了，但是依旧不见 拟态章鱼的身影，难到真的找不到了吗？ 寄希望于最后一潜。潜点20. TK III下水时间：13：00 水下停留时间：62分钟；最深：25米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：MUCK DIVE & MACRO DIVE ;相机镜头：微距；水温：28度箭猪河豚吃完船餐后，我们祈祷能够找到拟态章鱼，我跟潜导请求，这次我想一直潜到 20大气压才上来 5米3分钟停留，可不可以？ 没想到潜导居然答应了，跟我说只要控制好呼吸，我们能水下停留个80分钟没问。因为太心急，我入水以后迅速下沉，结果没有及时中和耳腔压力，当我开始捏着鼻子顶气时已为时太晚，因为用力过猛，竟然鼻腔的毛细血管爆裂了！！？？ 哥忍着剧痛竟然坚持了75分钟， 奇迹啊。潜点21. JAHIR 下水时间：15：40PM水下停留时间：75分钟；最深：21米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：MUCK DIVE & MACRO DIVE ;相机镜头：微距；水温：27度好像叫 DEVIL FISH蓝碧海峡不愧是世界第一 MUCK DIVE 潜点，奇特的生物数不过来，来这边潜水的欧洲人实在太多了，海峡两边也有很多潜水中心，下次打算再来一趟，带个3-4天一定要拍到拟态章鱼，侏儒海马和麒麟鱼。其他海量蓝碧微距照片，小编会在第三部分摄影篇发出请大家关注。第8天 潜点22. LIKUAN II 下水时间： 8：30AM水下停留时间：54分钟；最深：29米；铅块配重：2KG;潜水类型：REEF DIVE & WALL DIVE ;相机镜头：鱼眼；水温：28度群鱼乱舞([]
白允儿密桃传媒
李兰任仨驴：西部传奇，8264和越野e族（马踏飞燕）资深老且色驴，第七次自驾进藏，去年单人单车自驾西藏月余。 飞翔，强驴，户外领队。走狼C，登雀儿山、玉珠峰、哈巴雪山等。 胆小如虎，企图发烧的老驴，老，更多意指年岁。2005年曾与西部传奇、机器猫仨驴单车自驾西藏（https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1686646-1-1.html）。.单车：Jeep牧马人·罗宾汉。保险杠，轮胎，减震器，后排座等做了更换改装，加装了绞盘，强光灯。.路途：郑州——绵阳——康定——理塘——（格聂神山，冷谷寺）——巴塘——西藏左贡——洛隆——边坝——（若果冰川，金岭冰湖）——比如——那曲——拉萨——（羊卓雍错，普姆雍错）——洛扎——（库拉岗日雪山）——江孜——（多庆错，卓木拉日雪山）——亚东——定结——老定日——樟木——（希夏邦马峰东坡）——老定日——定日曲当乡——(珠峰东坡嘎玛沟大环线9日徒步) ——萨迦——日喀则——拉萨——林芝——波密——左贡——芒康——云南德钦——(梅里雪山，白马雪山) ——大理双廊——郑州。2014年8月21日出发，全程42天。.若果冰川，仨驴的凌晨。冰川一直盘桓着云雾，云雾之上透射出繁星的幽光。冰碛湖下泄河水流动的轰响，时而冰壁崩落的撞击声，一阵雪霰对帐篷的沙沙敲打，构成天籁夜曲的交响。金岭冰湖（炯普错）。 绝美山谷的辫状水系。 野性的张扬。藏族姑娘清澈纯净的天使笑容。参天古树。羊卓雍错总是逃避不了地惹人神醉。浩淼的普姆雍措。多庆错北侧的华美湿地。卓木拉日雪峰。牧归。 夕晖映照。古堡遗存。希夏邦马峰东坡。金色的珠穆朗卓若展翅冲天的雄鹰。在珠峰东坡仰望珠峰和洛子峰。措学仁玛的迷醉湖水。鲁朗林海。波密，云雾缭绕的山林。业拉山夕照。梅里雪山卡瓦格博峰。挥一挥衣袖，不带走洱海的一片云彩。第一天在郑州集结出发，由连霍高速经西安转京昆高速到四川绵阳。第二天经成都转318国道到康定。.看到此道路指示牌，遂决定探访二郎山老川藏路，并计划在山顶露营。驶上二郎山老川藏路，我顿时热泪盈眶。我父亲曾在张国华将军麾下的十八军五十四师一六二团任团参谋，挺进大西南时，参与了川藏（康藏）公路的修筑。那个时候出生的两个姐姐因此分别起名叫玉（豫）川、玉康。在我儿时，父亲就教会了我那首高亢激越的《歌唱二郎山》。由于已修建了二郎山隧道，老川藏盘山路基本无车通行。沿路偶见废弃的工棚和房舍，无人居住。山道已显得较窄，茂盛的植物几乎将个别路段郁闭，车辆勉强通过。雨水顺着山路流淌，溅起的水幕不时遮住前挡玻璃。老川藏路盘绕在二郎山的山际。向上行驶了半个多小时，山体塌方挡住去路，只得遗憾回返，留下的是无尽的缅怀。隧道虽然快捷方便，但失却了盘山道所给予的山顶风景。过了二郎山，继续往泸定、康定的方向进跋。夜之穿城而过的折多河，让《康定情歌》以更激情的方式宣泄。([]
宅男午夜欧美一区
黄孟勋Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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